Production of bioethanol from four species of duckweeds (Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Spirodela polyrrhiza, and Wolffia arrhiza) through optimization of saccharification process and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Duckweeds are promising potential sources for bioethanol production due to their high starch content and fast growth rate. We assessed the four species, Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Wolffia arrhiza, production. also optimized a possible procedure, which must include saccharification convert soluble sugars that can serve as substrate fermentation. were cultivated on 10% Hoagland solution 12 days, harvested, dried, homogenized, dissolved in solutions tested substrates by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, we process, including ideal ratio of enzyme used into simple sugars. The greatest starch-to-sugar conversion was obtained when ?-amylase amyloglucosidase 2:1 (v/v) with 24 h incubation period at 50 °C. After saccharification, incubated yeast, S. fermentation process carried out 48 h inoculum. ethanol maximal approximately after start incubation, protein minimal, little change over next 24 h. final concentration 0.19, 0.17, 0.16 g ethanol/g dry biomass L. W. arrhiza respectively. suggest these species duckweed have hope procedure proves useful endeavour.